Gogorza, Emilio de (1872-1949). American baritone. Born in Brooklyn, NY, to Spanish parents, De Gogorza was brought up in Spain. He returned to the U.S. in the early 1890s, where he became a noted concert singer: his poor eyesight precluded an operatic career. He made many recordings for the Victor phonograph company, both under his own name and under the names Carlos Francesco and Herman Goddard for the company’s lower-priced black label line. He taught music and voice at the Curtis Institute in Philadelphia, and continued to take pupils in his rerirement. He married his second wife, opera singer Emma Eames, in 1911; they divorced in 1936. Cather recommended some of his recordings to her brother, Roscoe.

Culp, Julia (1880-1970). Dutch lieder singer. Born in Groningen, Netherlands, to a Jewish musical family, Culp first studied violin before turning her attention to singing at age fourteen. She studied in Amsterdam and Berlin, and soon became very popular as a concert singer of lieder. Renowned in Europe, she made her American debut in 1913 and made several successful recordings. Her first marriage, to the German Erich Merten, ended in 1918 after she volunteered in hospitals for Allied soldiers during World War I. Her second marriage, to Wilhelm G. Ginzkey, lasted until his death in 1934. Culp stopped performing in the 1930s and, after going into hiding during World War II, spent her last years in Amsterdam, receiving many public honors. Cather was a fan of Culp, calling her "the best lieder singer in the world today" (#2254), and gave her records to members of her family.